Step-by-Step Guide to Varnish an Acrylic Painting

Varnishing is one of the most important finishing steps for acrylic paintings, but many artists and collectors are unsure whether or how to do it. Varnishing offers multiple benefits: it protects the painting from dust, UV rays, and environmental damage, while also enhancing the artwork’s visual appeal. Whether you’re new to varnishing or looking to refine your technique, this detailed step-by-step guide will show you how to varnish an acrylic painting properly for long-lasting results.

Why Should You Varnish an Acrylic Painting?

Acrylic paintings, though durable, are not immune to the effects of time and environment. Dust, dirt, and sunlight can damage the surface and dull the vibrant colors over time. A layer of varnish creates a protective barrier that helps the painting withstand these challenges.

Moreover, varnish allows you to adjust the painting’s finish to your liking, whether you prefer a glossy, satin, or matte appearance. A properly varnished painting not only looks more polished and professional but also ensures that your hard work lasts for generations.

However, not all paintings need to be varnished—some artists and collectors prefer the raw texture of unvarnished artwork. For more on this debate, check out my other post, “To Varnish or Not to Varnish: What’s Best for Your Painting?”

What You’ll Need to Varnish an Acrylic Painting

Before you begin, make sure you have all the necessary supplies:

1. A finished acrylic painting (dry for at least 48-72 hours).
2. Varnish: Choose from gloss, satin, or matte, depending on your preference. Popular brands like Pebeo, Liquitex, or Golden are great choices.
3. A varnish brush: Use a high-quality, wide, soft-bristle brush to avoid streaks or bristle marks.
4. A stir stick: Stir your varnish gently—never shake it, as this can create bubbles.
5. A clean workspace: Ensure your workspace is dust-free, well-ventilated, and flat.
6. Protective gloves: Optional but helpful for keeping your hands clean.

Step-by-Step Instructions for Varnishing an Acrylic Painting

Step 1: Clean Your Painting

Before applying varnish, it’s crucial to clean your painting to remove any dust or particles that might become trapped under the varnish. Use a clean, dry microfiber cloth to gently wipe the surface. Avoid using water or cleaning agents, as they could damage the acrylic paint.

Step 2: Prepare the Varnish

Open the varnish bottle and stir it gently with a stir stick. Do not shake the bottle, as this can introduce air bubbles that might transfer to your painting.

Choose the Right Varnish for Your Needs:

• Glossy varnish: Enhances color vibrancy and gives the painting a shiny, polished look.
• Matte varnish: Provides a non-reflective, subdued finish for a more natural appearance.
• Satin varnish: Offers a balanced finish, combining some shine with a softer look.

Step 3: Test the Varnish

Before applying varnish to your entire painting, test it on a scrap canvas or an inconspicuous corner of the painting. This will ensure the varnish reacts well with your materials and gives the desired effect. Testing also helps you avoid surprises in the final result.

Step 4: Apply the First Coat of Varnish

1. Lay your painting flat on a clean, level surface to prevent drips.
2. Dip your varnish brush into the varnish, ensuring the bristles are evenly coated but not dripping.
3. Apply the varnish in long, smooth strokes, starting at one edge and working your way across the painting. Overlap each stroke slightly to avoid missed spots.
4. Work quickly but carefully to avoid overworking any area, which can lead to streaks.
5. Let the first coat dry completely. Depending on the varnish brand, this could take 4-6 hours.

Step 5: Add Additional Coats (Optional)

For added protection and a more uniform finish, you can apply a second or third coat of varnish. Make sure the previous coat is completely dry before adding the next. Alternate the direction of your brushstrokes for each coat (horizontal for the first coat, vertical for the second, and so on) to ensure even coverage.

Step 6: Let the Painting Dry

Once all coats are applied, allow the painting to dry in a dust-free, well-ventilated area for at least 24-48 hours. Make sure the painting is not exposed to dirt, hair, or other debris during this time.

Pro Tips for Varnishing Acrylic Paintings

• Use a High-Quality Brush: A soft-bristle varnish brush ensures a smooth application without streaks or bristle marks.
• Work in a Clean Environment: Dust or dirt in the workspace can settle on the varnish, ruining the finish.
• Avoid Humidity: Varnishing in a humid environment can cause the varnish to dry unevenly.
• Smooth Out Bubbles: If bubbles form during application, gently smooth them out with your brush before they dry.
• Follow Instructions: Always read and follow the manufacturer’s instructions on the varnish bottle for the best results.

Frequently Asked Questions About Varnishing Acrylic Paintings

1. How Long Should I Wait Before Varnishing?

Allow your acrylic painting to dry completely for at least 48-72 hours before varnishing. Thicker layers of paint may require longer drying times.

2. Can I Remove the Varnish Later?

Yes, many modern varnishes are removable. Check the product label for instructions on how to safely remove varnish without damaging the painting.

3. How Do I Avoid Streaks When Varnishing?

Use a high-quality varnish brush and apply varnish in long, even strokes. Avoid overworking the area, as this can create streaks.

Varnishing an acrylic painting is a simple yet transformative process that protects your artwork and enhances its beauty. While some artists and collectors prefer unvarnished paintings for their raw texture, varnishing is an excellent way to preserve and showcase your creative vision. By following these steps, you’ll achieve a professional finish that ensures your painting remains vibrant and protected for years to come.

If you’ve found this guide helpful, share your thoughts or varnishing tips in the comments below—I’d love to hear from you!